Layer 2 and Scaling Networks

Layer 2 and Scaling Networks covers systems that increase blockchain throughput or reduce transaction costs while retaining a defined relationship with another settlement layer. The group includes optimistic and validity rollups, application-specific rollups, sidechains, modular execution networks, shared sequencing systems, data-availability integrations, bridges, and chain-development stacks. Reporting should distinguish execution, sequencing, proofs, settlement, withdrawals, fee models, governance, interoperability, security assumptions, and network shutdowns. Native tokens and individual applications use separate tags when their market behavior or product operation, rather than the scaling architecture itself, is central.